I don’t feel like writing a formal literary essay about my recent rereading of The Grapes of Wrath, so a rambling list of my thoughts has to suffice. I will say: it was a profoundly moving experience to read this novel again 35 years later. I had forgotten a lot of it, and most of my memories were connected to the movie. I will also say this: this novel needs to be read and reread. It might have more relevance today than it did when it was published in 1939, for the chief reasons of trying to understand how destitute Americans have changed since then. This book also provides insights into the current hatred of a certain class of destitute Americans, the Americans of a new diaspora that is unlike other ones in our country’s history. It is a diaspora that has people moving, some forced, some not—and then not moving. This diaspora ends in stasis, in the willows or under the overpass, or stretched out on a tarp nearby a crap car that just crapped out.
Thought 1:
Steinbeck isn’t turgid or overwrought
in this book like East of Eden. He pulls well out of the
narrative every now and then to provide an overarching view of the
politics and economics that displaced the Joads from their land, but
it doesn’t read like exposition at all. I can’t recall reading any
passages like these in contemporary fiction that try to see and
know everything. Steinbeck goes for the big view, not the tiny
one. Interestingly enough, some of the same issues affecting the
Joads are still burning up America today: poverty, prejudice, lack of
affordable housing, homelessness, income inequality, loss of hope,
violence, fear of immigration.
You know there’s even a wall in The
Grapes of Wrath that tries to keep the Okies out of California?
Does anything really ever change in America? One wonders. I know we
aren’t segregated anymore and women are vying to become President,
but…
Thought 2:
I plan on modeling a few passages of my
Western after some riffs in the novel, especially the one for Chapter
7 where Steinbeck writes about all the junkers and jalopies for sale
to transport (barely) the diaspora from the Dust Bowl
There is a new American Diaspora going
on. I see it all the time moving up and down Highway 101. The
Grapes of Wrath chronicled a different American Diaspora, the one
resulting from the Great Depression and disastrous farm polices that
produced in the greatest man-made environmental disaster in American
history, the Dust Bowl. As a small child, my father, after losing
both parents, was part of this diaspora, leaving the panhandle of
Texas for Oregon. That’s why I am in Oregon. The Dust Bowl and The
Grapes of Wrath are my story.
But the Joads are different than the
new seekers of the new diaspora. The Joads want to work. The current
seekers apparently want to check out. They don’t seem to want
anything but not to seek. When I read the novel, I had to ask myself
a question, and it goes mightily against my political grain to ask
it: does our safety net, the very fragile, cobweb this one in
American society, enable or encourage this? It is a question worth
asking. Another question: is the presence of the current bedraggled
diaspora a constant scary reminder to us to toe the capitalist
consumption line or—this is what happens. Think about that:
what if a partial safety net helps sustain the diaspora and its
checking out and homeless going on in front of our faces, at our
feet. It is not hidden in America these days. It’s moving and camping
and creating mischief and misery all around us. It’s building more of
a miasma every day. Don’t you feel it affecting you? How can you not
if you feel anything for the downtrodden or displaced?
Thought 3
One of the things that struck me about
the Joads is that they never read or play games. They don’t even have
a Bible. Their kids have no toys. The only recreation they
have is talking to one another, almost exclusively about their
plight. There is one dance the younger Joads attend, but even that is
marred by violence.
Members of the current diaspora can
stream endless shows on their smartphones and tablets. I’ve seen it
alongside the roads, waysides and in grocery store parking lots. It
all looks very strange to me, but perhaps it connects them to
something.
“How can we live without our lives?
How will we know it’s us without our past? No. Leave it. Burn it,”
writes Steinbeck, about leaving a place you are forced to leave.
In the novel, several members of the
Joad’s family and entourage simply disappear, with little or no
trace. They can’t take it anymore, the responsibility, the misery,
the hopelessness, and they’d rather go it alone and not talk about it
than make a plan that can’t possibly work. I think a lot of people
still do this in our society when bad times hit. We must reach out in
both directions when this happens.
Thought 4
The Joads take only one of their three
dogs (all nameless) on their journey west and leave the other two
behind with a neighbor who hadn’t lost his farm. The Joad’s dog gets
hit by vehicle and dies not long after they depart. They don’t
grieve. They move on. They don’t even bury it.
I think they should have taken all
three dogs. The story might have turned out better.
Interestingly enough, members of the
new diaspora have dogs, a lot of dogs, and would seem to never leave
them behind. What changed there? There’s a novel in that question.
The Joads’s are always fixing thing,
jury rigging, to continue the journey. You see members of the new
diaspora occasionally fixing their rigs on the side of the roads, but
rarely. They just leave them behind.
The Grapes of Wrath migration
was forced. So is the new diaspora, some of it certainly caused by
economic dislocation, gentrification and declining wages, but
something else, too. They migrated to give up. Their migration and
eventual settlement is one big giving up, a checking out, or a
subtle, but visible protest of the utter bankruptcy and daily brutal
exploitation wrought by participating in our culture. They don’t
participate, at least not the way they are supposed to, the way
schools prepare them. And that makes a lot of people hate these
non-seekers and non-workers. I hear it all the time, even from
liberals. The sound of seething is getting shriller, too.
One wonders if anything will come along
to end the contemporary Grapes of Wrath-scenario like the New Deal
and WW II did to Steinbeck’s Grapes of Wrath. I can’t imagine what it
could be.
Did one presidential candidate in the
recent Democratic debates mention this issue? I mean really use the
word “homeless” instead of the stock phrase “affordable
housing?”
Thought 5
What exactly is the wrath in The
Grapes of Wrath? One character speaks about his dream of picking
grapes and squeezing the juice all over his face, but in reality, his
picking of those grapes infuriates a landowner, the wealthy, a bank,
the law, and they bring down wrath, unrelenting wrath, upon the
people migrating west to start over and work the fields. Why so angry
over people who want to come to a place and work where there is work?
Sound familiar?
I taught this book one time in my
career, to juniors at Taft High School. I wonder if any of them
remember reading it? I barely remember the experience. There were
early warning signs of this new diaspora in Lincoln City then, but
the Great Recession of 2008 took it to another level, historic. Then
the so-called recovery that came slowly, the one that left out so
many wage workers, undermined the social fabric as well. As High Tech
boomed and swallowed our lives, incomes became grossly unequal, rents
and housing skyrocketed, the cities became City States that left
dispossession in their wake.
Recently, I was listening to an
alternate take of Bob Dylan’s “Maggie’s Farm,” a much more
snarling version than the album version. I was driving Highway 101 to
work and passed a few transients and the song really hit me:
I
ain’t gonna work on Maggie’s farm no more
I
ain’t gonna work for Maggie’s brother no more
Nah,
I ain’t gonna work for Maggie’s brother no more
Well,
he hands you a nickel
And
he hands you a dime
And
he asks you with a grin
If
you’re havin’ a good time
Then
he fines you every time you slam the door
It could be
that simple. Is the work our culture has created (and its meager pay
and mindless conformity and sucking up to corporations and their
factotums) induce or compel people to just refuse to do it and join
the new diaspora? Is checking out better than Maggie’s farm or Dollar
General or cleaning motel rooms?
Thought 6
Chapter 29 has perhaps the greatest
rain riff in all of American literature, excepting of course, lines
from Sometimes a Great Notion. I can’t believe I didn’t recall
and integrate them into my rain book.
Steinbeck’s rain is completely
different than Kesey’s rain.
Relentless rain floods the encampment
where the remaining Joads are staying and they literally get washed
away, out to the road, having lost everything, including their
jalopy. It’s still raining. They have no food, nothing. No one to
help them. No government aid. Rose of Sharon has just given birth to
a still-born child. Tom isn’t with them anymore. They struggle down
the road until they find an abandoned barn. They find shelter in the
barn and encounter a boy and his sick father, who is dying from
hunger.
If you’ve the read the book, then you
know what happens. The most desolate ending scene of any book I have
ever read. I cried. I almost verged on sobbing. Utterly hopeless for
the Joads, but, perhaps what Rose of Sharon does to save the dying
man, offers a glimmer of…not hope, but something else.
Read The Grapes of Wrath and
start looking around you. We’ve got to do something.